ʻO ke aniani kahi mea amorphous inorganic non-metallic mea, maʻamau i hana ʻia me nā ʻano mineral inorganic (e like me ke one quartz, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda lehu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.) a ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea waiwai kōkua.o.
ʻO kāna mau mea nui he silicon dioxide a me nā mea oxide ʻē aʻe.[1] ʻO ka hui kemika o ke aniani maʻamau ʻo Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 a i ʻole Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā hale e hoʻokaʻawale i ka makani a hoʻouna i ka mālamalama.He huikau ia.Aia kekahi aniani kala i hui pū ʻia me kekahi metala a i ʻole nā paʻakai e hōʻike i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me ke aniani ʻoluʻolu i hana ʻia e ke ʻano kino a i ʻole kemika.I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau plastic transparent (e like me ka polymethyl methacrylate) he plexiglass.
No nā haneli mau makahiki, manaʻo mau ka poʻe he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke aniani a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi.Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hao i loko o nā mea maka, a ʻo nā hui o ka hao divalent i ʻike ʻia ke aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka manganese dioxide, lilo ka hao divalent mua i hao trivalent a ʻike ʻia ka melemele, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi ʻia ka manganese tetravalent i manganese trivalent a ʻike ʻia ka poni.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kekahi i kekahi i kekahi ʻano, a i hui pū ʻia a lilo i kukui keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole e hoʻolei ke aniani.Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, e hoʻomau ʻia ka manganese trivalent e ka ea, a e piʻi mālie ka melemele, no laila e melemele iki ke aniani o kēlā mau hale kahiko.
ʻO ke aniani maʻamau he paʻa amorphous me ka hana ʻole (mai kahi microscopic o ka nānā ʻana, he wai hoʻi ke aniani).ʻAʻohe hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho lōʻihi o kona mau molekala ma kahi ākea e like me nā kristal, akā he ʻano pōkole e like me nā wai.kaʻina.Mālama ke aniani i ke ʻano kikoʻī e like me ka paʻa, a ʻaʻole kahe me ka umekaumaha e like me ka wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-14-2021